The Problem of Prosperity of the Wicked

Psalm 73 January 3, 1973 Haddon Robinson
Thesis Only by seeing life from the eternal perspective gained in God's presence can believers triumph over the tormenting problem of the wicked's prosperity and recognize that possessing God is infinitely greater wealth than any earthly advantage.
Series
—
Type
Expository
Tone
pastoraldidactic
Method
grammatical-historicalapplicatorycanonical
What's in this sermon

The shape of the argument

56 units across exposition, application, illustration, theological claim, and conclusion. The pastor's argument is built from these moving parts.

Pastoral correction · unit #21
"Applies the illustration by naming the congregation's complicity in the pragmatic worldview. Brief but direct — 'we' includes Robinson and the congregation in the tendency to admire success over righteousness."
Doctrinal loci· 6 surfaced
Providence / Sovereignty · 9 Doxology / Worship · 8 Sanctification · 4 Christology · 3 Ethics / Moral Theology · 3 Pastoral Theology · 2
Bible citations· 31
Psalm 73:1 | Psalm 73:2 | Job (general reference) | John 9 | Psalm 73:3 | Psalm 73:4-5 | Psalm 73:6 | Psalm 73:8-9 | Psalm 73:10 | Psalm 73:11-12 | Psalm 73:13-14 | Psalm 73:15 | Psalm 73:16 | Psalm 73:17 | Psalm 73:18-19 | Psalm 73:19 | Isaiah 57:20-21 | Psalm 73:20 | Psalm 73:21-22 | Psalm 73:23 | Psalm 73:24 | Psalm 73:25-26 | Psalm 73:27-28
Illustrations· 10
  1. historical example · unit #6 — Provides biblical examples (Job's friends, disciples in John 9) of the same flawed theology Asaph held. The illustration demonstrates the persistence of the prosperity-righteousness equation across biblical history.
  2. cultural reference · unit #7 — Uses a contemporary cultural reference (Sunday school lessons with predictable moralistic endings) to show how the prosperity theology persists in modern Christian education, making the problem immediate.
  3. hypothetical · unit #13 — Dramatizes the neighbor's pride through imagined dialogue and the vivid detail of expensive suits worn with swagger. Robinson enters Asaph's emotional state — the wish that the suits would turn to burlap captures the depth of his envy and frustration.
  4. analogy · unit #15 — Uses a geometry metaphor to illustrate the wicked's ruthless pragmatism — they take the shortest path to their goals regardless of who gets hurt. The illustration makes the violence concrete in business and relational terms.
  5. cultural reference · unit #19 — Expands the cynical believers' argument through contemporary phrasing, then pivots to a sharp prophetic rebuke of the cliche 'a man's got to live.' Robinson names it a demonic lie and counters with the truth that death and divine judgment are the true non-negotiables, not survival.
  6. cultural reference · unit #20 — Uses political success as a contemporary illustration of the same pragmatic idolatry that infected ancient Israel. The gap between what we claim to admire and what we actually celebrate reveals the persistence of the problem.
  7. hypothetical · unit #31 — Tells a simple story of a father proposing a picnic instead of church, met by his daughter's wise rejoinder: 'but we won't, will we?' The punchline exposes the gap between good-sounding excuses and actual practice.
  8. cultural reference · unit #39 — Contemporary illustration of wealth without peace: Jackie Gleason's confession that beneath all his success lay fear of missing heaven. The celebrity testimony makes the ancient truth vivid and current.
  9. personal story · unit #45 — Personal story of Robinson catching his son Torrey when he slipped on ice, illustrating God's secure grip on believers. The story makes the abstract doctrine of perseverance tangible through paternal love. The punchline — the boy seeking out slick spots afterward — captures the freedom that comes from security.
  10. historical example · unit #53 — Extended narrative illustration of William Gladstone interrogating a young man's life plan with repeated 'What then?' questioning, exposing the omission of eternal perspective. The story dramatizes the sermon's central claim through the progressive revelation that all worldly success leads ultimately to death and judgment.
Theological claims· 6
  1. While godliness provides real life advantages, believing that righteousness always produces worldly prosperity will destroy your faith when experience contradicts the formula. unit #8
  2. Despite the imperfections of Old Testament worship (just as in contemporary church), God met with Asaph in the sanctuary and gave him the answer he needed. unit #29
  3. Corporate worship has been devalued in contemporary culture, reduced to a poor substitute for other activities, and even Christians are tempted to agree with individualistic alternatives. unit #30
  4. Throughout history, God has consistently met with his people when they gather together for corporate worship, making it irreplaceable by individual spirituality. unit #32
  5. While genuine Christian love should characterize the church, we can use social connection as a substitute for encountering God, driving away the vision of God through senseless chatter. unit #34
  6. Corporate worship is irreplaceable because God breaks through to his people when they gather in ways that do not occur through private devotions or recorded teaching. unit #35
Quotations· 9
"the shortest distance between two points was a straight line" — geometry lesson (unit #15)
"we'll just take the cash and let the credit go" — Asaph's neighbors (unit #16)
"a man's got to live" — common saying (unit #19)
"A man doesn't have to live. A man has to die. A man has to meet God." — Robinson (counter to common saying) (unit #19)
"the thing that separates men from animals is that men are able to take the long view of the past and the longer view of the future" — Walter Lippman (unit #36)
"sir, what more could you ask?" — lieutenant to Alexander the Great (unit #37)
"but it doesn't last. It doesn't last." — Alexander the Great (unit #37)
"he had never met a man who was not terribly afraid" — Sigmund Freud (unit #38)
"but there is one thing of which I am desperately afraid, and that is I may never make heaven" — Jackie Gleason (unit #39)
Read it

Full transcript

39,971 characters 56 units ~44 min reading time

0 · Opening prayer addressing God as Father through Christ's work

And now will you join me in prayer? Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. We thank thee that we can call the Our Father. You are master of the universe by your Word worlds were created. You hold history in your hand. And yet we turn to Thee as children and speak to Thee as Father. We are grateful that we can do that because of the work of our Lord Jesus Christ, that through his death we have become members of the family of God through faith in him. And all of life has changed. The ultimate power in the universe is no longer vague and formless and unfamiliar. We can bow and call Thee, Father. We come, come this morning, our Father, to ask for this segment of thy family, the folks who come to worship in this place, to listen to the Word, to break bread, to taste the wine and to remember the death of Christ. There are some here who are going off to school this week. And we ask for protection upon them as they travel. Even more, we ask for spiritual protection as they are in the midst of the marketplace of ideas. And there are 10,000 voices calling for their allegiance. We pray that they will measure what they hear by the truth of your word. Deliver them from evil. There are others who are today in distant places, on vacation, traveling back home. We ask that you would give them the mercies of a good journey and refresh them physically and spiritually. There are others, our Father, who have been in our presence in Sundays gone by, who are today ill. We're grateful that sickness for us is not a hiatus, a break in the middle of life. But even in the midst of sickness, your spirit works. And in those difficult experiences, you teach us lessons of life that we can learn in no other way. And so we pray for our brethren who are ill that they may sense your presence in a special way for physicians who attend them, that you would give them wisdom and skill. We pray for our own awareness of those who are ill about us. And we pray for the opportunities that we have to minister to our brethren. Grant that we shall be conscious of those needs. There are others who are here this morning, Father, who have not expressed in any open way their need, but it is present. There are folks who are wrestling with some of life's problems. And we ask that somehow they may be given some insight to the answers. There are some battling with temptation. There are some here who are battling with the problem of sexual looseness so prevalent in our time. And they need a sense of your presence in their lives. There are others who do not have work and are looking for a position, and they need your direction there in this important place where they will spend their hours. There are others who feel pressures on their families, husband and wives who once loved each other deeply. But there has been an erosion and they feel it. And they are here this morning. And there are young people who do not understand their parents and parents who do not understand their children. And there is a gulf where there should be a bridge. We bring all of these to you and ask that somehow, Lord, through the ministry of your word and through this fellowship that we have with each other, that there may come insights to life that are prompted by your spirit. We shall be different this afternoon and next week because we've been here today. We come to ask you for our country. We are in the midst of a political campaign and frankly, Lord, we're a bit embarrassed by it all men on both sides promise things they cannot deliver. We're very much in danger of thinking of our political leaders as some kind of God. And that we come to feel that they shall fix it all. That if we put the right man in office, that that's all we need. And many of us have lived long enough to know that that is a bitter disillusionment. We pray for these leaders. The temptation in these days to do things that are sheer politics at the expense of principle. We find that they will lie to us. They will misrepresent the facts. We come to ask for these men, those in power, those out of power, who are seeking the power. They shall come to recognize that what is morally wrong will never be politically right. That it is righteousness which exalts a nation and sin is a reproach to any people. We ask you for this political campaign and our involvement in it. You called us to honor those who are in political office. So grant that we shall do it. Guard us from the political jokes that defame and malign. Help us, Lord, as Christians, to think clearly about issues and to seek what is best for our society and for those or involved in the decision. But now, Lord, we come back to this hour and pray for your direction upon us. Bless us as we sing again. That we shall sing in the power of the Spirit and as we speak and listen that it shall be done, conscious that this is your word and we are open before you. We ask these things in Jesus name.

1 · Establishes the sermon's authority by framing Asaph as a man with firsthand faith born from direct encounter with God, not inherited religion

None of us is much interested in a man with a secondhand faith that's been passed down to him along with his grandfather's watch. But all of us, I think, are interested in hearing from a man who has come to grips with God for himself. And all of us will sit up and listen to a man who has had a face to face encounter with the Almighty. For that reason, I think we shall give our eager attention to Asaph, the author of the 73rd Psalm.

2 · Paints a vivid portrait of Asaph as an aged man of experience and introduces the Psalm's opening affirmation of God's goodness

I imagine that as Asaph stands before us, he is an old man. His hair is whitened with age, and his face is furrowed with care, and his body is stooped a bit by the weight of tithe. But as he begins Psalm 73, he does so with a bracing word of testimony. Surely he sings, God is good to Israel. God is good to those who are of a clean heart.

3 · Exposes Asaph's near-loss of faith

Now, lest you think that this is merely the meringue of testimony that does not have with it the solid food of experience, Asaph hastens on to assure us that he has not always felt this way. Now his feet are planted firmly on the table ground of faith. But as he looks back over the twisting, winding road he's taken to get where he is, he recognizes that there have been many difficult spots along the way. In fact, there was one place that was especially dangerous, for it seemed to the psalmist that he was about to lose his faith, about to go over the side, down into the chasm of despair. And so it's with a stab of terror in his heart, with a bit of a quiver in his voice, that the psalmist says in verse two. But as for me, my feet were almost gone. I almost lost my footing.

4 · Bridges the 3,000-year gap between Asaph's struggle and the congregation's present experience

Now, even though this is a bit of spiritual biography out of a distant day, it's as up to date as this question plagued age in which you and I have been allowed to live. I certainly do not know you all, but I am certain that in a gathering of this size, there are some of you who will testify that this is for you a current experience. You find yourself wrestling with some of life's great problems, and to your dismay, the problems seem to be winning. Or perhaps for others, you will say that while this is not for you a current experience, it was true of you in some bygone day. Back then, you wrestled with some of the great questions of life, and you feel that the questions may have won. Unlike the psalmist who was able to keep his faith, you feel that you may have lost yours altogether.

5 · Diagnoses Asaph's problem: he held a simplistic theology that equated God's holiness and power with the automatic earthly prosperity of the righteous and failure of the wicked

Now, what was it that caused Asaph such difficulty? What was it that caused him to almost lose his faith? Well, apparently the psalmist tried to get the facts of faith to measure up to the facts of life, and he discovered, to his astonishment, that the facts of faith came off second best. You see, Asaph believed that God was a holy God. He also believed that God was all powerful. So it seemed to the psalmist that if God were both holy and powerful, that good people should always prosper and bad people should always fail. It seemed to him a matter of pure logic that if God were really righteous, and if he were indeed master of all that he surveyed, then good people should always get ahead and bad people should always go to the wall.

Where this fits

More from Haddon Robinson

The other sermons stewarded in this Haddon Robinson set.

True humility comes not from comparing ourselves to other people but from standing in the presence of a holy God, where we see ourselves as we truly are and cry out for grace.
Luke 18:9-14
Your neighbor is anyone whose need you see and are in a position to meet, and what you are — transformed by the love of God through the Holy Spirit — will determine what you see and how you respond.
Luke 10:25-37
January 3 · This sermon
The Problem of Prosperity of the Wicked
Only by seeing life from the eternal perspective gained in God's presence can believers triumph over the tormenting problem of the wicked's prosperity and recognize that possessing God is infinitely greater wealth than any earthly advantage.
Psalm 73
Take it further

Discuss · apply

Small-group discussion

6 questions for your group this week

  1. What specific observations about the wicked's prosperity troubled Asaph so deeply that he nearly lost his faith (Psalm 73:3-12)? What made their success feel so unjust to him?
    Psalm 73:3-12
    → Have you ever felt a similar tug of envy or confusion when you've watched ungodly people flourish while you or others you know have suffered? What made that experience particularly disorienting?
  2. Asaph describes his inner struggle in Psalm 73:21-22, admitting that his thoughts were 'senseless' and he was 'like a brute beast' before God. What does this reveal about where his confusion was actually rooted—in his circumstances or in his perspective?
    Psalm 73:21-22
  3. The turning point in Psalm 73 comes when Asaph enters the sanctuary and his perspective shifts completely (Psalm 73:17). What do you think he 'understood' about the wicked's end that he couldn't grasp from his everyday vantage point?
    Psalm 73:17
    → How does seeing something 'from eternity's perspective' differ from merely knowing it intellectually?
  4. After his encounter with God in worship, Asaph concludes that possessing God himself is his greatest treasure—more valuable than anything earth offers (Psalm 73:25-26). How does this reframe what 'prosperity' actually means?
    Psalm 73:25-26
  5. Psalm 73 exposes a fallen condition many of us face: we unconsciously absorb the world's value system by measuring success through worldly standards. Where are you most tempted to evaluate your life by the world's scorecard rather than God's?
    → What would it look like this week to make a concrete decision based on eternal perspective rather than earthly advantage?
  6. The sermon emphasizes that Asaph found his answer not in private reflection but in corporate worship—entering the sanctuary where God met with his people. How has God disrupted your thinking or realigned your perspective through gathering with the church in ways that private devotion alone has not?
    Psalm 73:17
Daily readings · Monday–Friday

5-day reading plan

This week we follow Asaph's journey from the bondage of worldly comparison to the liberation of God's presence, learning that eternal perspective transforms how we interpret suffering, worship, and the meaning of true wealth.

Monday Job (general reference)

Job embodied this collision: a man of genuine faith and obedience who suffered catastrophically while the wicked around him thrived. His friends insisted the old formula—godliness equals blessing—must hold, yet his lived experience shattered it. We, too, absorb this cultural lie without realizing it, until suffering exposes the falseness of the equation and threatens to shipwreck our trust in God.

Tuesday John 9

When the disciples encountered the blind man, they asked the question that haunts us all: "Who sinned, this man or his parents?" Christ's answer severed the link we desperately want to believe exists—that blindness (or any trial) signals divine punishment for visible failure. Instead, He revealed that suffering serves God's sovereign purposes in ways we cannot anticipate, calling us to trust His character rather than decode His methods through earthly outcomes.

Wednesday Isaiah 57:20-21

Isaiah unveils what the wicked cannot see from within their success: their souls are restless waters, churning without peace, bearing no rest even in abundance. Asaph's envy was natural—he saw only the surface glitter—but the sanctuary vision showed him the hidden reality beneath the gleaming facade. When we glimpse this truth, our longing for their portion collapses because we recognize it harbors no peace, only judgment.

Thursday Psalm 73:24 (primary text cross-referenced with corporate worship emphasis)

Asaph's turning point occurred not in solitude but in the sanctuary—in the gathering place of God's people. There, in corporate context, his perspective shifted from envy to eternal vision in a way his individual confusion could not achieve. We are tempted to substitute private devotion, recorded teaching, or social chat for assembling together, yet Scripture and history both witness that God meets His people in a unique way when the body gathers corporately to worship.

Friday Psalm 73:25-26 (primary text as application anchor)

Asaph's climactic confession—"Whom have I in heaven but You? And earth has nothing I desire besides You"—is not stoicism but gospel freedom. He had tasted God's presence in worship and recognized that possessing Him eclipsed every earthly advantage. This vision belongs only to those united to Christ by faith, for only they can exchange the world's temporal values for heaven's eternal treasure and find, paradoxically, that they lack nothing in the present moment.

Sunday-evening family table

When Good People Suffer and Bad People Win

For the parent

This prompt invites kids to wrestle with the real frustration Asaph felt — the confusion of watching unfair things happen. Listen for their honest reactions; you're not trying to "fix" their confusion with answers, but to help them see that Asaph found his answer in God's presence, not in solving the puzzle intellectually.

Asaph got really upset because he saw bad people getting everything they wanted while good people like him were having a hard time. Have you ever felt like something wasn't fair — like someone who wasn't being kind got rewarded, or someone trying hard didn't get what they deserved? Tell us about it. What did you want to happen instead?
works for ages 7+ — younger kids can share their experience of unfairness; older children and teens will engage with the deeper frustration Asaph felt about whether God cares
Couples · three questions over coffee

Seeing Beyond the Prosperous Wicked

  1. When you heard Asaph's struggle with envy over the wicked's prosperity, what specific circumstance in your own life came to mind—where you've questioned whether following Christ was worth the cost?
  2. How do we unconsciously measure our own worth or success by the world's standards rather than by our possession of God, and where might we be tempted to judge each other by those false measures?
  3. What would it mean for us to enter God's presence together this week—through corporate worship, prayer, or Scripture—and ask Him to realign our vision of what true wealth looks like in our marriage and family?
Memory verse this week

Psalm 73:25-26

Whom have I in heaven but you? And there is nothing on earth that I desire besides you. My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever.

Why this verse: This verse crystallizes the sermon's central claim: that possessing God infinitely exceeds all earthly prosperity, and that eternal perspective transforms how we view the wicked's temporary advantages. It is Asaph's confession of faith after encountering God in the sanctuary, making it the theological culmination of the entire psalm and the watershed moment that resolves his tormenting doubt.

Where this was preached

About the preacher

Haddon Robinson
Gordon-Conwell · Biblical Preaching
Read the Guild Hall profile · All three stewarded sermons
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# Gordon-Conwell · Biblical Preaching

Significant sermons by Haddon Robinson, stewarded by Sermon Steward as a sample.

## Sermons
- [The Parable of the Pharisee and the Publican (Luke 18:9-14)](/SignificantSermons/robinson/sermons/the-parable-of-the-pharisee-and-the-publican-1973-01-03)
- [Who Is My Neighbor? (Luke 10:25-37)](/SignificantSermons/robinson/sermons/who-is-my-neighbor-1973-01-03)
- [The Problem of Prosperity of the Wicked (Psalm 73, 1973-01-03)](/SignificantSermons/robinson/sermons/the-problem-of-prosperity-of-the-wicked-1973-01-03)

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