matthew-18

Matthew 18:21-35 Pastor Chris Oswald
Audio coming soon
Thesis Because God has forgiven believers an unpayable debt through Christ, they are required to extend unlimited forgiveness to others who sin against them, and failure to do so places them under divine judgment.
Series
Type
Expository
Tone
pastoraldidacticprophetic
Method
grammatical-historicalcanonicalapplicatory
What's in this sermon

The shape of the argument

40 units across exposition, application, illustration, theological claim, and conclusion. The pastor's argument is built from these moving parts.

Pastoral correction · unit #27
"Issues the sermon's most direct and uncompromising application: no sin committed against you—slander, theft, hurt—justifies unforgiveness, because all sins against you are infinitely smaller than your forgiven sins against God. If God forgave you, you must forgive others."
Doctrinal loci· 12 surfaced
Ethics / Moral Theology · 21 Soteriology · 13 Ecclesiology · 7 Hamartiology · 7 Pastoral Theology · 6 Christology · 3 Sanctification · 3 Anthropology · 2 Pneumatology · 2 Theology Proper · 2 Doxology / Worship · 1 Eschatology · 1
Bible citations· 29
Matthew 18:21-35 | Matthew 18:21 | Matthew 18:15-17 | Matthew 18:22 | Proverbs 19:11 | Colossians 3:12-13 | Ephesians 4:32 | Genesis 50 | 2 Samuel 19 | 1 Samuel 25 | 1 Samuel 24 | Philemon | Matthew 18:23-24 | Matthew 18:25 | Ephesians 2 | Matthew 18:26-27 | Matthew 18:28 | Matthew 18:29-30 | Matthew 18:31-32 | Matthew 18:32-33 | Matthew 18:34 | Matthew 18:35 | Matthew 6:12-15 | Acts 7:60 | Luke 23:34 | Matthew 6
Illustrations· 1
  1. The Forgiveness of the Dying historical example · unit #32 — Contrasts fallen man's instinct for revenge with the radical forgiveness of Jesus and Stephen, both of whom forgave their executioners while dying, illustrating the countercultural and supernatural character of Christian forgiveness.
Theological claims· 7
  1. We are required to forgive others because God has forgiven us, because we are made in His image, and because we ourselves are sinners who need others to forgive us. unit #7
  2. Forgiveness has been a defining characteristic of God's people throughout redemptive history, from the Old Testament to the New Testament. unit #8
  3. Because all believers are weak, sinful, and in constant need of forgiveness themselves, our forgiveness of others must be relentless and constant. unit #9
  4. The servant's belief that he could repay the debt mirrors the false human belief that we can earn forgiveness by balancing good deeds against sin, but both are equally wrong because the debt is unpayable. unit #14
  5. For those who have experienced God's forgiveness, extending that same forgiveness to others is mandatory, and failure to do so results in judgment. unit #24
  6. Jesus's warning that God will not forgive the unforgiving is not isolated—the same warning appears in Matthew 6 after the Lord's Prayer, establishing this as a consistent and non-negotiable principle of the kingdom. unit #26
  7. Forgiveness is essential because every human relationship will inevitably involve sin, and unforgiveness is a serious sin that destroys relationships, families, and churches. unit #31
Quotations· 2
"If a man commits an offense once, then forgive him. If he commits an offense a second time, they forgive him. If he commits an offense a third time, they forgive him. The fourth time, they do not forgive him." — rabbi (unnamed) (unit #4)
"He who begs forgiveness from his neighbor must not do so more than 3 times." — rabbi (unnamed) (unit #4)
Read it

Full transcript

40,332 characters 40 units ~45 min reading time

0 · The opening prayer and full public reading of the primary text (Matthew 18:21-35) sets the congregational focus on the parable of the unforgiving servant and establishes the thematic territory: Peter's question about the limits of forgiveness and Jesus's radical answer

All right, if you want to open with me to Matthew 18, beginning in verse 21, it'll be up on the screen there as well. It's a rather long passage, so be patient. It's the parable of the unforgiving servant. Beginning in verse 21, "Then Peter came up and said to Him, 'Lord, how often will my brother sin against me and I forgive him?' 'As many times as 7?' And Jesus said to him, 'I do not say to you 7 times, but 70 times 7.' Therefore the kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who wished to settle accounts with his servants. When he began to settle, one was brought to him who owed him 10,000 talents. And since he could not pay, his master ordered him to be sold with his wife and children and all that they had, and payments to be made. So the servant fell on his knees, imploring him, 'Have patience with me, and I will pay you everything.' And out of pity for him, the master of that servant released him and forgave him the debt. But when that same servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him 100 denarii, and seizing him, he began to choke him. Saying, 'Pay me what you owe.' So his fellow servant fell down and pleaded with him, 'Have patience with me, and I will pay you.' He refused and went and put him in prison until he should pay the debt. When his fellow servants saw what had taken place, they were greatly distressed, and they went and reported to their master all that had taken place. Then his master summoned him and said to him, 'You wicked servant! I forgave you all that debt because you pleaded with me. And should not you have had mercy on your fellow servant, as I had mercy on you?' And in anger his master delivered him to the jailers until he should pay all his debt. So also my heavenly Father will do to every one of you, if you do not forgive your brother from your heart."

1 · Establishes that Peter's question about forgiveness is not random but contextually grounded, preparing the listener to understand that the question arises from the preceding teaching on church discipline

The text this morning begins with Peter asking Jesus a question. He says, "Lord, how often 'Will my brother sin against me and I forgive him as many as 7 times?' It's a good question that Peter had, but it needs to be set within its context. This isn't a question that was on Peter's mind that he just blurted out randomly. Peter wasn't just trying to come up with some random question to generate discussion as they sat around the fire.

2 · Reads and exposits the church discipline passage (Matthew 18:15-17) that immediately precedes Peter's question, establishing that the context is genuine sin—not mere offense—and that confrontation exists for the purpose of restoration and reconciliation

So let's back up a little bit and take a look at what precedes just before this passage. Matthew 18, beginning in verse 15, says, "If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother. But if he does not listen, take one or two others along with you, that every charge may be established by the evidence of two or three witnesses. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church." And if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector. So this passage here in Matthew 18:15 begins with, "If your brother sins against you." The topic here, the context is sin. Jesus isn't addressing hurt feelings or irritations or ruffled feathers. Sin is a serious offense and it requires a serious response. So when someone sins against us, we are to go to him. We aren't instructed to withdraw, to sulk and gossip or slander the individual who has sinned against us. We are to go to them carefully and wisely, maybe after a bit of a cooling-off period if that's necessary. But either way, we are to go to them, to confront them. And we do this because Jesus wants the individual to be restored. He wants the individual to be given a chance to repent. To ask forgiveness so that we can win our brother back, it says, and be reconciled to him.

3 · Signals the sermon's focus on forgiveness rather than church discipline, while affirming that the discipline context remains essential background for understanding Peter's question

The message this morning is one on forgiveness, so I'm not planning to go into detail on the process of church discipline that Jesus outlines here in Matthew. But it's important to keep in mind the context of what immediately precedes our text on forgiveness. It's a text on church discipline.

4 · Reconstructs Peter's reasoning by establishing the rabbinic limit of three-times forgiveness and explaining how Peter's offer of seven times would have seemed generous within that cultural framework, while also recognizing Peter's growing understanding of Jesus's merciful character

The process of discipline and reconciliation that Jesus lays out, though, works. And the one who has sinned, who sinned, comes and asks for forgiveness and wants to repent and be reconciled, then are we required to forgive them for their sin? When Peter asks that question, this is exactly what he's asking about. How many times, Jesus, should I forgive my 'My brother who has sinned against me.' You can imagine Peter's thought process going something like this. Okay, if someone sins against me, I get it. I know what I'm supposed to do. I'm supposed to go to them. Maybe I'll take a friend or two if needed. I go in front of the whole church if needed. I got that. I go and I confront him about sin. As hard as that may be, I go and I confront him. I also know what to do if he doesn't respond and refuses to listen. Then I go back a second time, a third time. But what if it works? What if the person actually repents and asks forgiveness and wants to be reconciled on the first time or the second time or the third time? Now, Peter obviously assumes that we're supposed to forgive him, 'cause that's what is the basis of his question. It isn't, "Should I forgive him?" It's, "How many times should I forgive him?" This is an excellent question, an excellent follow-up question that Peter has for Jesus. There's no reason to assume that Peter's question is anything but sincere. It's an important question for Peter. It's an important question for us as well. How many times must I forgive someone who sins against me? Is there a limit on my forgiveness? Jewish tradition and the teaching of the rabbis at the time put a limit on forgiveness and would have suggested the correct answer to Peter's question was 3 times. A couple of quotes from some rabbis. First one is, "He who begs forgiveness from his neighbor must not do so more than 3 times." The second one is, "If a man commits an offense once, then forgive him. If he commits an offense a second time, they forgive him." If he commits an offense a third time, they forgive him. The fourth time, they do not forgive him. So the context for Peter's life would have been three times. Someone comes to me, confesses and asks forgiveness, do it the first time, the second time, and the third time. After that, you had no obligation to keep forgiving anymore. So that's the culture that Peter was raised in. It would have been in the back of his mind as he's listening to Jesus teach here. So when Peter says, "Seven times," Peter very well could have been thinking how generous he was. Culture said three times, the religious leaders said three times, so I'm going to go out on a limb. I can say, "I'll do it seven times, Jesus." Peter understood something about the Savior's heart. He'd been with Jesus for quite a while now. He knew of His attitude. He knew of His mercy. He knew of His forgiving Spirit, so in Peter's mind, 7 times is probably a very generous number to be thinking to the possible answer to that question.

5 · Exposits Jesus's answer that forgiveness must be unlimited by showing that the phrase 'seventy times seven' is not a literal ceiling but a hyperbolic erasure of all limits—forgiveness is to be beyond counting

And so Peter asks, "Is 7 enough?" Jesus answers, "I do not say to you up to 7, but up to 77 times," or 7 times 7, 70 times 7. How can you just imagine Peter's voice or face when he hears that answer? He's thinking 7 is a very generous offer. And Jesus takes it and ups the ante far higher. And Jesus isn't just saying, "Go and do it 77 times, and then on the 78th time, now you're free to not be forgiving anymore." The intention here, Jesus' intention here is to set a number so high that we can't possibly keep count. That's the point of it. We're not supposed to keep count of how many times we've been sinned against and how many times we're to forgive. Jesus is saying your forgiveness is to be unlimited. There are to be no limits or boundaries on our forgiveness to others.

Where this fits

Recent preaching context

The three sermons immediately preceding this one in the preaching schedule.

Not enough data yet — this preacher has fewer than three prior sermons in the corpus.
Earlier in the corpus · July 16, 2017
A prior sermon on Matthew 18:15-20
You preached this same passage — 22 Matthew 18 citations in that earlier sermon. Worth re-reading before the next time this text comes around.
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Providence Community Church
Lenexa, KS
Sundays · 10:00 AM
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# Providence Community Church

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