When Can Christians Judge Others?

1 Corinthians 5:1-13 October 29, 2023 Pastor Ricky Alcantar
Thesis Christians must practice biblical judgment—soberly examining their own lives and then, where they have relational responsibility, lovingly confronting unrepentant sin—because the church is precious to God and sin is more dangerous and serious than we think.
Series
1 Corinthians
Type
Expository
Tone
pastoraldidacticprophetic
Method
grammatical-historicalcanonicalapplicatory
What's in this sermon

The shape of the argument

44 units across exposition, application, illustration, theological claim, and conclusion. The pastor's argument is built from these moving parts.

Pastoral correction · unit #10
"The pastor applies the Corinthian error to contemporary Christian life with specific examples: watching immoral content and feeling more mature for it, drinking heavily in the name of freedom, or participating in ungodly conversation while feeling less uptight than those who abstain. In each case, Christians mistake permission for maturity."
Doctrinal loci· 10 surfaced
Ecclesiology · 22 Sanctification · 15 Hamartiology · 14 Soteriology · 8 Ethics / Moral Theology · 6 Christology · 5 Eschatology · 4 Bibliology · 3 Pastoral Theology · 2 Spiritual Warfare · 1
Bible citations· 19
1 Corinthians 5:1-13 | 1 Corinthians 5:3-4 | 1 Corinthians 5:2 | 1 Corinthians 5:1 | Matthew 7 | 1 Corinthians 5:5 | Ephesians | 1 Corinthians 5:6 | 1 Corinthians 5:7-8 | 1 Corinthians 5:6-8 | 1 Corinthians 5:7 | 1 Corinthians 5:9-11 | 1 Corinthians 5:12 | Matthew 18 | 1 Corinthians 1 | 1 Corinthians 5:8
Illustrations· 4
  1. personal story · unit #12 — The pastor tells a personal story about getting lost while hiking because he assumed that if one instruction was "bear right," then at every subsequent fork, more right must be better. He ended up in a dangerous situation along a cliffside because he kept choosing right without checking the map at each decision point.
  2. personal story · unit #21 — The pastor tells a story about a friend who kept pushing his gas tank to empty, convinced he could keep driving below E, until predictably running out of gas and facing severe consequences. The illustration shows how we're tempted to avoid small discomforts now (stopping for gas) even though they prevent much greater problems later (being stranded and hours late).
  3. personal story · unit #25 — The pastor tells a personal story about making matching family vacation shirts with blue tie-dye, then inadvertently washing one shirt that still had dye in it with regular laundry. The result was blue streaks throughout all the other clothes—a vivid modern illustration of how one source of contamination inevitably spreads to everything it touches, just as Paul describes with leaven and sin.
  4. cultural reference · unit #27 — The pastor cites a business study where researchers embedded an actor displaying negative attitudes (apathetic, depressed, or hostile) into work teams of competent people. In every case, the negative attitude spread to the entire team within one hour. The pastor delights in noting that Paul taught this principle 2,000 years before modern research confirmed it.
Theological claims· 13
  1. The lies that enabled the Corinthians' failure to address sin still operate today and continue to destroy churches, families, and individual lives. unit #6
  2. The Corinthians falsely believed that permissiveness and tolerance always equal spiritual maturity—that tolerating anything proved their freedom in Christ. unit #7
  3. Biblical maturity consists not in blanket permissiveness but in responding to each situation according to what Scripture requires. unit #11
  4. The Corinthians avoided confronting sin because doing so would be uncomfortable, especially with a prominent, influential church member. unit #14
  5. The biblical response to sin prioritizes what will be good eternally over what is comfortable now. unit #16
  6. What is uncomfortable now in confronting sin will be good forever, both for the individual disciplined and for the church. unit #19
  7. The Corinthians believed sin wasn't serious because of Christ's forgiveness and that one person's sin wouldn't affect others, but both beliefs are false. unit #23
  8. Sin is more dangerous and serious than we think, as illustrated by how leaven inevitably spreads through an entire lump of dough. unit #24
  9. Sin is profoundly serious because it cost the blood of God's innocent Son to cover it, and must therefore be treated with sober gravity rather than casual dismissal. unit #30
  10. The Corinthians wrongly focused on judging outsiders while tolerating unrepentant sin among professing believers, whom they should not treat as brothers and sisters in good standing. unit #31
  11. Christians should focus their judgment on relationships where they have responsibility rather than on those outside their sphere of influence. unit #34
  12. Paul labors through difficult confrontation with the Corinthians because the church is precious to God and should be precious to us—this conviction motivates all difficult pastoral work. unit #40
  13. Church discipline mirrors the gospel pattern: God loved us enough to tell us hard truths about our condition so we could receive the good news of Christ—and we are to do the same for others. unit #41
Read it

Full transcript

43,712 characters 44 units ~49 min reading time Listen instead →

0 · The pastor frames the service's emotional range—from celebrating baptisms to praying for a suffering family to addressing church discipline—as a living illustration of what it means to be the church: rejoicing with those who rejoice, grieving with those who grieve, and not shying away from difficult conversations

Uh, it is, uh, what a service, man. John and I— John was our worship leader today, one of our deacons— and he and I were joking this week that this is a little bit of an unusual service for us because we began the service with celebrating and rejoicing with baptism, with people being baptized. But then in prayer, we carried a heavy thing in our heart with, with what the Shafitz are going through with their son Bodhi. And now we get to move from that to talking about sexual immorality and church discipline. And John and I were joking, I don't know what songs do you plan for that kind of a service?

There's, you know, there's not an easy hymn to turn to for all of those things. But as I prayed about it, I really felt like, man, this actually is a wonderful illustration of what it means for the church to be the church. What it means for the church to be the church is that we rejoice with those who rejoice. It means when we see kids in the church baptized, it's like they're our kids as a church. We're their aunts and uncles and grandparents in the faith and cousins in the faith, and we cheer for them.

We rejoice as new brothers and sisters in Christ are celebrated, but we also carry heavy things with one another. We carry weighty things with one another. We grieve with those who grieve. We don't shy away as a church family from having difficult conversations or tough conversations as a family. That is what it means for the church to be the church, because the church is precious to God and it should be precious to us.

1 · The pastor introduces the text and locates it within the larger structure of 1 Corinthians, explaining that this section addresses marriage, singleness, and sexuality—hot topics both today and throughout church history

Amen. So, we're going to be reading in 1 Corinthians chapter 5 today, beginning a new section in 1 Corinthians. If you'll— if you stick with us, you'll see that 1 Corinthians really is a number of different sections, and this next section is about marriage, singleness, sexuality, sexuality, all of that world of stuff that's such a hot topic in our world today and has been for the last 2,000 years is something that the word of God addresses. And I'm so grateful that God's word doesn't shy away from addressing the real things, the things, the places where we actually live life. So 1 Corinthians chapter 5, we're going to begin reading and let's remember as we read, this is God's word.

2 · The pastor reads the entire primary text aloud, presenting Paul's confrontation of the Corinthian church for tolerating sexual immorality (a man with his father's wife) and for responding with arrogance rather than mourning

Word. Verse 1, "It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you and of a kind that is not tolerated even among pagans, for a man has his father's wife. And you are arrogant! Ought you not rather to mourn? Let him who has done this be removed from among you.

For though I'm absent in body, I am present in spirit, and if as if present, I have already pronounced judgment on the one who did such a thing. When you're assembled in the name of the Lord Jesus and my spirit is present with the power of the Lord Jesus, you are to deliver this man to Satan for the destruction of his flesh so that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord. For though your boasting is not good, do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump as you really are, unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.

Let us therefore celebrate the festival, not with the old leaven, the leaven of malice and evil, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. I wrote to you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people, not at all meaning the sexually immoral of the world, of the greedy or swindlers or idolaters, since then you would not then you would need to go out of the world. But now I am writing to you not to associate with anyone who bears the name of brother if he is guilty of sexual immorality or greed, or is an idolater, reviler, drunkard, swindler—not even to eat with such a one. For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Is it not those inside the church whom you are to judge?

God judges those outside. Purge the evil person from among you. You. This is the Lord's word. And, Lord, I pray you give us ears to hear and eyes to see, in Jesus' name, amen.

3 · The pastor reconstructs the situation Paul is addressing by careful textual analysis

Well, this is— this may be an uncomfortable passage, but it is an even more uncomfortable situation that's being described. Now, remember that 1 Corinthians is only one side of a conversation. So we're hearing— it's almost like listening to somebody on the phone where you're trying to guess at what the other person on the other line is saying a little bit. That's what's happening here. Paul has gotten a report from his friends who were in Corinth about the church, and then he's gotten a letter from the Corinthians with questions that they have for him.

So Paul is responding to both with this letter. And so we kind of have to use careful text work to reconstruct what he's saying and why. But I think it's clear. It's clear that this is the situation that he's responding to. First, it's clear that there's a man in the church who is in a sexual relationship with his stepmother, and they may or may not still be married to other people.

So, that's the situation. And it's also relatively clear by implication that the man is someone who is in Corinth, somebody who has social or political or financial or cultural influence, right? So this is one of the who's who people. The kind of guy that gets invited to the fancy parties in Corinth is this guy. Then third, it's clear that some are actually celebrating the fact that this man is continuing to go to the church because they're so happy that somebody famous and influential is part of the church, and they believe it illustrates how tolerant and sort of permissive they are that fits in with Corinthian society.

And others may disagree with what's going on, but they've rationalized it saying, "Look, it's not a huge deal. It's not great, but it's not that big of a deal. It's just one guy of, you know, 100 people. It's not like we're all doing this."

4 · The pastor explains the shocking public nature of Paul's instruction: when the letter is read aloud in the gathered church (with the man presumably present), they are to immediately remove him from the assembly

And so, here's the situation. Paul's letter is going to be read out loud in the church. This is what would happen. They'd gather the church, they'd read Paul's letter, which is a bit awkward, right? Especially if the guy's there. Well, and Paul is expecting him to be there. Maybe he's the kind of guy that never misses a Sunday.

But even more shocking, Paul uses this sort of metaphorical language to say, listen, as you read this letter publicly, I want you— first of all, it's like I'm there with you, in a sense. I'm with you, in a sense, as you're reading this. He's not saying he's like a weird astral projection or ghost or something. He's just saying, "It is as though I am with you as you read my letter. And right then and there, when you get to this part of the letter, I want you to take the guy and walk him out of the church." So it'd be like in this meeting, if we were like, "Hey, ushers, this person over here," "Let's move him. We got to remove him right now." And so the ushers come over and they're like, "Uh, are we—" you know, and they slow-walk the person out of the church. That's what Paul is describing them to do.

5 · The pastor acknowledges how shocking and sensational Paul's instruction is, then raises two key questions the congregation is likely asking: why is this uncomfortable situation preserved in Scripture, and how does it relate to our lives when most of us aren't in this specific sin?

Now, that is crazy. That is as crazy as anything on reality TV. This would get a ton of YouTube views, right? Or TikTok views. Like, man is publicly executed on the spot in local church. Famous, influential man. Like, this is— that's the kind of thing that sells newspapers back in the day. And you might wonder, why in the world would God preserve this situation in the Bible, right? It's not a mistake that this is in the Bible. Why is this in the Bible, you might wonder. And second, you might wonder, okay, how does this have anything to do with my life? Because I think for most of us, we're like, okay, if this is all about an immoral relationship with your stepmother, I think I'm good. I think most of us are like, we're good, I'm fine. We can move on to the next passage because this is odd and uncomfortable.

Where this fits

Recent preaching context

The three sermons immediately preceding this one in the preaching schedule.

Sep 24, 2023
The church must build around the cross of Christ rather than worldly definitions of power and strength because the cross alone has the power to save, and building on anything else empties the gospel of its effectiveness.
1 Corinthians 2:1-5
Oct 15, 2023
Because every Christian is building something with their life—and because only what is built on Christ will survive the final day of testing—we must take extraordinary care to build our spiritual lives, families, and church on the right foundation.
1 Corinthians 3:9-23
Oct 22, 2023
True Christian leadership is defined not by worldly markers of success but by faithful service under Christ's authority, grateful acknowledgment that all abilities are grace-gifts, a life shaped by the cross rather than culture, and authority exercised by calling others to follow Christ.
1 Corinthians 4:1-21
October 29 · This sermon
When Can Christians Judge Others?
Christians must practice biblical judgment—soberly examining their own lives and then, where they have relational responsibility, lovingly confronting unrepentant sin—because the church is precious to God and sin is more dangerous and serious than we think.
1 Corinthians 5:1-13
Take it further

Discuss · apply · pray

Small groups
6 discussion questions
In 1 Corinthians 5:1-2, Paul describes the Corinthian church's response to sexual immorality in their midst. What does Paul seem most concer…
Daily readings
5-day reading plan
This week we'll walk through the biblical foundation for why the church must practice loving judgment—beginning with Christ's own call to examine ourselves, moving through how sin spreads and why it matters, and ending with the gospel pattern that makes hard conversations redemptive.
Prayer
Father, Give Us Courage for Difficult Love
Father, we come before you acknowledging that your church is precious to you, and therefore it must be precious to us. We adore you for your…
Family table
When Love Means Saying the Hard Thing
This sermon centers on a difficult truth: real love sometimes requires hard conversations, not silence. Use this prompt to help your family…
Couples
Judgment, Love, and the Church We're Called to Be
When you heard Paul's call to biblical judgment, what conviction or resistance stirred in your own heart—and what does that tell you about h…
Memorize
1 Corinthians 5:6
This verse encapsulates the sermon's central theological claim: sin is far more serious and dangerous than the Corinthians believed, and one person's unaddressed sin will inevitably corrupt the entire church body. It grounds Paul's call to biblical judgment in the reality that permissiveness in the face of sin is not maturity but a failure to protect what God treasures—His church.
Daily readings · Monday–Friday

5-day reading plan

This week we'll walk through the biblical foundation for why the church must practice loving judgment—beginning with Christ's own call to examine ourselves, moving through how sin spreads and why it matters, and ending with the gospel pattern that makes hard conversations redemptive.

Monday Matthew 7:1-5

Jesus doesn't forbid judgment—He forbids *hypocritical* judgment, the kind that ignores the plank in our own eye. Notice He assumes we *will* make judgments ("take the speck out of your brother's eye"), but only after we've examined ourselves first. This is the heart of what Paul calls the Corinthians back to: not permissiveness toward sin, but sober self-examination followed by wise, humble confrontation of others.

Tuesday 1 Corinthians 1:4-9

Paul opens 1 Corinthians by affirming the Corinthian church's genuine gifts in Christ—they aren't spiritually dead. Yet by chapter 5, unaddressed sin has nearly destroyed their testimony. The seriousness of sin isn't that one person's private choices don't matter; it's that private sin in a church body inevitably contaminates the whole fellowship. One person's unrepentant rebellion, left untended, becomes the church's shared compromise.

Wednesday Ephesians 5:25-27

Christ gave Himself for the church to make her holy and spotless—this is how seriously God takes the purity of His bride. When we shrink back from difficult conversations about sin within our church family, we're treating the church as less precious than comfort. Paul's confrontation of the Corinthians flows from the same love Christ shows: He tells us hard truths because we matter eternally to Him.

Thursday Matthew 18:15-17

Jesus gives us a clear path: first go privately, then with witnesses, then tell the church—all among those with whom we share covenant responsibility. This isn't permission to judge the world harshly; it's a call to take seriously the people God has placed in our actual sphere of influence. The Corinthians had confused their freedom in Christ with a right to judge outsiders while tolerating sin among their own.

Friday 1 Corinthians 1:18-31

The cross looks like foolishness to the world, yet it's God's power and wisdom. In the same way, church discipline looks harsh to a permissive culture, yet it's an act of gospel love—we confront sin the way God confronted us: with truth that leads to repentance and restoration. This week, ask: Where is God calling you to speak truth to someone you love? Where have you shrunk back from a difficult conversation?

Draft · pending review
Small-group discussion

6 questions for your group this week

  1. In 1 Corinthians 5:1-2, Paul describes the Corinthian church's response to sexual immorality in their midst. What does Paul seem most concerned about—the sin itself, or the church's *attitude* toward the sin? What clues in the text show you?
    1 Corinthians 5:1-2
    → How do you think the church's attitude toward sin affects whether that sin grows or gets addressed?
  2. Paul identifies a false belief the Corinthians held: that permissiveness and tolerance *prove* spiritual maturity and freedom in Christ. Where do you see this same belief operating in the church or culture today?
    1 Corinthians 1
    → What does biblical maturity actually look like, according to what Paul teaches elsewhere in 1 Corinthians?
  3. The Corinthians avoided confronting this sin because it would be uncomfortable—the man was prominent and influential. When have you felt that same tension between what's comfortable now and what's right? What did you choose, and why?
    → What would change if you genuinely believed that 'uncomfortable now will be good forever'?
  4. Paul uses the image of leaven spreading through dough to describe how sin spreads in a community. Why do you think Paul emphasizes that one person's unaddressed sin affects the whole church? Have you seen that happen?
    1 Corinthians 5:6-8
    → If sin is truly this serious and contagious, what does that mean about how we treat it?
  5. Paul distinguishes between judging people *outside* the church and exercising biblical judgment *within* the church, among believers. Where do you currently spend more energy—evaluating the behavior of non-Christians, or lovingly addressing sin among brothers and sisters you actually know and shepherd?
    1 Corinthians 5:9-12
    → What would it look like to flip that balance this week?
  6. Paul disciplines the Corinthians through this hard letter because 'the church is precious to God.' How does that conviction shape the way you think about church discipline, confrontation, and the hard conversations Jesus calls us to have with one another?
    Matthew 18
    → If you were to have a difficult conversation with a brother or sister about their sin this week, how would remembering that the church is precious to God change the way you approach it?
Draft · pending review
Pray together this week

Father, Give Us Courage for Difficult Love

Father, we come before you acknowledging that your church is precious to you, and therefore it must be precious to us. We adore you for your patience with us, and for loving us enough to tell us hard truths about our condition so that we could receive the good news of Christ. Grant us the same courage and tenderness in how we love one another.

We confess that we have believed the lie that permissiveness always equals maturity—that tolerating anything proves our freedom in Christ. We have shrunk back from difficult conversations because they are uncomfortable now, unwilling to say what needs to be said to those we love. We have minimized the seriousness of sin, forgetting that it cost the blood of God's innocent Son to cover it. Forgive us for the ways we have treated sin as casual when it is grave, and for the ways we have judged outsiders while tolerating unrepentant sin among those in our own household of faith (1 Corinthians 5:12).

We rejoice that in Christ, we have been cleansed and made new. The leaven of the old life has been purged, and we are unleavened bread, a new lump (1 Corinthians 5:7). Because Christ has done this for us, we are free—not free to tolerate what Scripture forbids, but free to obey what God requires and to help others do the same. Give us clarity to see where we have relational responsibility, and wisdom to know when and how to speak hard truths with love.

We ask you to give us courage to have the conversations we have been avoiding—not in judgment, but in love, with the goal of redemption. Help us to check Scripture rather than defaulting to either harsh condemnation or blanket tolerance. And where we must speak, remind us that what is uncomfortable now will be good forever, both for the individual and for your church (1 Corinthians 5:5). Make us a people who love the church enough to say what needs to be said, and who love sinners enough to call them toward repentance and life. To you be glory in your church and in Christ Jesus.

Draft · pending review
Sunday-evening family table

When Love Means Saying the Hard Thing

For the parent

This sermon centers on a difficult truth: real love sometimes requires hard conversations, not silence. Use this prompt to help your family see that avoiding uncomfortable truth isn't kindness—it's actually harm. Listen for where your kids recognize situations in their own lives where silence might feel safer than speaking up.

In the sermon, Pastor Ricky talked about a church that stayed quiet about something wrong instead of having a hard conversation. He said that sometimes love means saying the difficult thing because silence can actually hurt the person we care about. Can you think of a time when someone you care about told you something hard that was actually good for you—even if it was uncomfortable to hear? What made that conversation feel like love instead of meanness?
Works for ages 7+; younger kids may need a parent to offer a gentle example first, then ask them to think of their own.
Draft · pending review
Couples · three questions over coffee

Judgment, Love, and the Church We're Called to Be

  1. When you heard Paul's call to biblical judgment, what conviction or resistance stirred in your own heart—and what does that tell you about how you've been shaped by the culture around judgment?
  2. Where in our marriage do we avoid the uncomfortable conversation we know we need to have, and how might fear of discomfort be keeping us from loving each other the way Christ loves the church?
  3. How can we pray for one another to grow in the courage to speak hard truths in love—both to each other and, where God has given us responsibility, to others in our church family?
Draft · pending review
Memory verse this week

1 Corinthians 5:6

Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump?

Why this verse: This verse encapsulates the sermon's central theological claim: sin is far more serious and dangerous than the Corinthians believed, and one person's unaddressed sin will inevitably corrupt the entire church body. It grounds Paul's call to biblical judgment in the reality that permissiveness in the face of sin is not maturity but a failure to protect what God treasures—His church.

Draft · pending review
Where this was preached

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Cross of Grace Church
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# Cross of Grace Church

A church preaching expository sermons through the books of the Bible.

## Sermons
- [Why Build Around the Weakness of the Cross? (1 Corinthians 2:1-5, 2023-09-24)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2023/09/why-build-around-the-weakness-of-the-cross)
- [How Do You Avoid a Building Disaster? (1 Corinthians 3:9-23, 2023-10-15)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2023/10/how-do-you-avoid-a-building-disaster)
- [What Does a Successful Christian Leader Look Like? (1 Corinthians 4:1-21, 2023-10-22)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2023/10/what-does-a-successful-christian-leader-look-like)
- [When Can Christians Judge Others? (1 Corinthians 5:1-13, 2023-10-29)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2023/10/when-can-christians-judge-others)

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