To Build or Not to Build? That is the Question

1 Corinthians 14:1-25 May 26, 2024 Pastor Jonathan Vogan
Thesis All spiritual gifts must be pursued with love and exercised with clarity for the singular purpose of building up the church, not for self-glorification or personal edification in the corporate gathering.
Series
Type
Expository
Tone
didacticpastoralpolemic
Method
grammatical-historicalcanonical
What's in this sermon

The shape of the argument

39 units across exposition, application, illustration, theological claim, and conclusion. The pastor's argument is built from these moving parts.

Pastoral correction · unit #25
"The pastor delivers a full gospel presentation to unbelievers, moving from diagnosis (universal sinfulness and separation from God) to remedy (God's mercy and grace in Christ) to call (confess, repent, believe). The application includes a model prayer while clarifying that the words themselves are not salvific, and concludes with instruction to tell someone if conversion has occurred. This is concrete evangelistic application flowing directly from Paul's statement that prophecy leads unbelievers to fall down and worship God."
Doctrinal loci· 11 surfaced
Ecclesiology · 23 Pneumatology · 19 Sanctification · 8 Doxology / Worship · 6 Ethics / Moral Theology · 5 Soteriology · 4 Bibliology · 3 Christology · 2 Anthropology · 1 Hamartiology · 1 Pastoral Theology · 1
Bible citations· 27
1 Corinthians 13 | 1 Corinthians 12 | 1 Corinthians 14:1-5 | 1 Corinthians 14:6-19 | 1 Corinthians 14:1 | 1 Corinthians 14:7 | 1 Corinthians 14:8 | 1 Corinthians 14:12 | 1 Corinthians 14:14-17 | 1 Corinthians 14:20 | 1 Corinthians 14:14-15 | Isaiah 28:11-12 | 1 Corinthians 14:21-25 | 1 Corinthians 14:21 | 1 Corinthians 14:23 | 1 Corinthians 14:24-25 | Romans 3:10 | Ephesians 2:4-5 | 1 John 1:9 | Romans 3:23 | Ephesians 2:8-9 | 1 Corinthians 13:4-7 | Matthew 5:23-24 | Matthew 16:18
Illustrations· 1
  1. analogy · unit #10 — The pastor performs a live demonstration with the piano, first playing random notes (unintelligible) then playing a recognizable hymn (intelligible). The congregation experiences firsthand the difference between organized and disorganized sound, and between confusion and corporate worship. The illustration makes Paul's abstract argument viscerally immediate—when clarity is present, the body can participate together in edification.
Theological claims· 4
  1. Paul's ground rules for tongues and prophecy apply to all spiritual gifts: they must be pursued with right motivation (love rather than self-glorification) and exercised for the church's edification. unit #3
  2. All spiritual gifts exercised in the gathering must be intelligible, organized, and submissive to Scripture because God is a God of order, and anything that produces chaos or confusion works against the church's edification and unity. unit #12
  3. Western culture, like Corinthian culture, tends toward self-focused pursuits (whether intellectual or experiential) that neglect the common good, requiring Paul's call to balance mind and spirit as a corrective for contemporary believers. unit #18
  4. The church gathers primarily for believers around Word and Sacrament, but Paul assumes unbelievers will be present, requiring the church to exercise gifts in ways that are both edifying to believers and intelligible to seekers. unit #21
Quotations· 7
"we have to be careful not to blame things on the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit can do a whole mess of things that we don't expect or understand, but what we do know is that he will work in line with his word." — Chuck Smith (paraphrased) (unit #12)
"The corinthian tendency was not to be over cerebral, but to devalue the importance of the mind. Paul is concerned, therefore, to stress manifestations of the spirit which do not bypass the mind... The Christian who does not allow the spirit to stretch and renew his mind in these five ways is resisting the work of God in sanctification, in wholeness." — Prior (unit #17)
"The text from Isaiah 28:11 and 12... indicates what kind of sign Paul has in mind... The very fact of unintelligibility feeds their unregenerate minds and stubborn wills. And they conclude that christians are mad and have nothing new or true to offer." — Prior (unit #22)
"The imbalances of the Christians at Corinth led Paul to stress a proper balance between the rational and the non rational." — Pryor (unit #31)
"Johnny, I can't believe that God saved me. I don't know what he was thinking." — Tom Wilkins (unit #31)
"we believe that a virgin gave birth to the Son of God, floated into heaven, and is coming down on a white horse to judge the living and the dead. We've already drunk the Kool Aid. Let's jump all in." — Matt Chandler (unit #31)
"The filling of the spirit brings to God's people a deeper knowledge of Christ, an increased desire for holiness, a stronger commitment to unity and love, a greater fruitfulness in ministry, and a deeper gratitude for our salvation." — Sovereign Grace Statement of Faith (unit #37)
Read it

Full transcript

39,073 characters 39 units ~43 min reading time

0 · The introduction frames the sermon's context by reminding the congregation of the Corinthian church's immaturity and Paul's corrective purpose

Today we'll be in one corinthians chapter 14. So I invite you to turn there as I remind you about the jacked up place that the corinthian church was. Paul is writing this letter because they're immature, childish believers who need to be reminded of the gospel, be reminded that Jesus. Paul says, I resolve to know nothing but Christ and him crucified.

And so throughout the letter, he's called the corinthian church to unity. And though today we're talking about tongues and prophecy, you woke up this morning and you're like, I'm going to go learn about tongues and prophecy. Yes, that is what we're learning today. There is a bigger theme, there's a bigger thread through this passage that is in line with that theme of unity. And putting aside division, Paul ends chapter twelve by saying, earnestly desire the higher gifts which are given by God for his purposes, powered by God, and are for the common good of God's church.

In chapter 13, he talks about love, and that's the one we often hear at weddings. But Alex so helpfully reminded us a couple years ago, that's the main ingredient. Love is the main ingredient that powers the gifts. The gifts are going to pass away, but love will not pass away. And so then, as he begins this next section of his letter, he brings those two concepts together and says, pursue love and earnestly desire the gifts.

1 · This transition unit establishes the sermon's controlling question and big idea, clarifying both the passage's scope and the interpretive lens through which it will be examined

Let me say that again. Pursue love and earnestly desire the gifts, Paul helps us walk out what it looks like to use our gifts in love for the building up of the church. By using the two gifts that the corinthian church was actually the most concerned about in the first place, which were tongues and prophecy. There's a lot of stuff in this text. There's a lot of things that we could look at.

So I want to give you the thread that Paul is weaving through this section, then unpack the text and give us some practical things to apply the text at the end. Here's our big idea. Pursue love. Desire the gifts, build up the church.

Paul spends these 25 verses providing motivation, but also encouraging clear action. Looking through this text, we'll use this question to help us keep the thread clear. To build up or not to build up, that is the question.

2 · The pastor reads 1 Corinthians 14:1-5 in full, performing the primary expositional work of bringing the congregation into direct encounter with the biblical text

Point one, we have some ground rules for building up. Let's read God's word together, pursue love and earnestly desire the spiritual gifts, especially that you may prophesy.

For one who speaks in a tongue speaks not to men, but to God, for no one understands him, but he utters mysteries in the spirit. On the other hand, the one who prophesies speaks to people for their upbuilding and encouragement and consolation. The one who speaks in a tongue builds up himself, but the one who prophesies builds up the church. Now, I want you all to speak in tongues, but even more to prophesy. The one who prophesies is greater than the one who speaks in tongues, unless someone interprets so that the church may be built up.

3 · This unit asserts that Paul's instructions about tongues and prophecy establish principles applicable to all spiritual gifts

What we see here is that Paul sets some ground rules for the practice of specific gifts that in context must be applied to all the gifts. He says, first, pursue love. Remember in chapter twelve we talked about the corinthian church thinking more of the outwardly expressive gifts. They put the outwardly expressive gifts on a pedestal. They were like, these are the ones we want to desire.

And Paul comes in and is like, no, you're missing the point. God has given all the gifts for the purpose of building his church. So there's not anything wrong with the desiring of the gifts. Paul tells us to do that, but there is something wrong if we're motivated by self glorification or selfish desires.

4 · The pastor expounds Paul's definitions of tongues and prophecy, distinguishing their proper contexts: tongues as valuable for private worship but requiring interpretation in corporate worship; prophecy as inherently intelligible speech for corporate edification

So as we understand that as the backdrop, let's look to understand prophecy in tongues in the gathering. Like Paul encouraged the corinthian church, Paul makes clear that tongues in prophecy are gifts that that the Lord has given and then defines the purpose of these gifts. In the context of the gathering, tongues and prophecy are meant to build up the church. Tongues, as we've seen over the last couple of weeks, can be really helpful in our personal walks with the Lord. They can be helpful in personal worship. Building up the believer, as Paul says, it's a gift given to some and always for the glory of God.

Paul says, I want you all to speak in tongues. But what Paul says here is that tongues as private worship isn't what is appropriate when exercised in front of the assembly. The ground rule that he lays for tongues in the gathering is that the tongue must be interpreted so that the church may be built up. Look at that. Why again, that the church must be built up five times in this passage.

He's talking about the upbuilding and the building up of the church, which is why I think it's important to see that thread. Paul also gives us really specific directions for prophecy, and Ricky is going to give us a lot of practicals about that next week in the next section of this letter. But prophecy is used for building up, for encouragement, for consolation. All of these things are building up the church. These are specific categories in which prophecy may be exercised in the gathering so that what the church may be built up.

5 · Brief structural signal shifting from ground rules to guardrails, moving the exposition from principles to specific protective boundaries Paul establishes

So as he's provided some ground rules, he has also provided us some guardrails for exercising these gifts. Let's look again at our text starting in verse six.

Where this fits

Recent preaching context

The three sermons immediately preceding this one in the preaching schedule.

Feb 19, 2023
A Spirit-filled church must be a singing church—expressing the overflow of the Spirit through corporate song that both worships God vertically and edifies the body horizontally by teaching and admonishing one another in gospel truth.
Ephesians 5:18-21
Oct 1, 2023
True wisdom is not found through worldly sources or human effort but is given exclusively by the Holy Spirit through the cross of Christ, enabling believers to have the mind of Christ and live sacrificially in light of eternity.
1 Corinthians 2:6-16
Mar 17, 2024
Every spiritual gift is from God, powered by God, and is for the common good of God's church.
1 Corinthians 12:1-11
May 26 · This sermon
To Build or Not to Build? That is the Question
All spiritual gifts must be pursued with love and exercised with clarity for the singular purpose of building up the church, not for self-glorification or personal edification in the corporate gathering.
1 Corinthians 14:1-25
Take it further

Discuss · apply · pray

Memory verse this week

1 Corinthians 14:12

So with yourselves, if you utter by the tongue speech that is not intelligible, how will anyone know what is being said? For you will be speaking into the air.

Why this verse: This verse crystallizes Paul's central argument: all spiritual gifts must be exercised with clarity and intelligibility for the purpose of building up the church, not for personal spiritual experience or self-glorification. It anchors the sermon's governing principle that the singular measure of gift-use in corporate gathering is whether it edifies others.

Draft · pending review
Small-group discussion

6 questions for your group this week

  1. In 1 Corinthians 14:1-5, Paul commands the Corinthians to 'pursue love' and 'earnestly desire the spiritual gifts, especially that you may prophesy.' Why do you think Paul begins this passage about gifts with the command to pursue love rather than launching directly into instructions about how to exercise the gifts?
    1 Corinthians 14:1
    → What does it look like in your own life when you pursue a spiritual gift without love as your governing motivation?
  2. Paul uses the image of musical instruments in verses 7-8—a flute or harp that makes no distinction in its notes, or a bugle that gives an indistinct call. What is Paul trying to show us about the difference between exercising gifts for personal satisfaction and exercising them for the building up of the church?
    1 Corinthians 14:7-8
  3. Look at 1 Corinthians 14:12: 'Since you are eager for manifestations of the Spirit, strive to excel in building up the church.' What is the difference between being eager for the experience of a spiritual gift and being eager to build up the church through that gift, and how would that difference show up concretely in a worship gathering?
    1 Corinthians 14:12
    → Can you think of a time when you've witnessed someone exercising a gift or talent in church primarily for personal validation rather than for the good of others?
  4. In verses 14-17, Paul describes praying 'in the spirit' and praying 'with the mind,' and says both matter—but in the gathered church, he emphasizes the mind and intelligibility. Why does Paul insist on clarity and order in corporate worship, and what does his appeal to God as 'a God of order' (implied throughout the passage) tell us about how the church should operate?
    1 Corinthians 14:14-17
  5. The sermon mentions that Western culture, like Corinthian culture, tends toward self-focused pursuits—whether intellectual or experiential—that neglect the common good. As you consider your own participation in church gatherings, where do you find yourself most tempted to think about what benefits you personally rather than what builds up the body?
    → What would change in how you participate in worship if you genuinely believed that your primary responsibility is to build up the believers around you rather than to have a meaningful personal experience?
  6. Paul concludes in verses 24-25 by describing an unbeliever entering the church and being convicted by prophecy, falling down and declaring that 'God is really among you.' How does Paul's concern for the unbeliever present in the gathering reshape how we think about clarity and order in worship, and what does this tell us about the gospel's power to speak into people's lives?
    1 Corinthians 14:24-25
Draft · pending review
Daily readings · Monday–Friday

5-day reading plan

This week we trace how Paul's call to build up the church—through love-motivated, intelligible gifts exercised for others' edification—flows from the gospel's humbling grace and shapes how we worship together as Christ's body.

Monday 1 Corinthians 13

Paul's hymn to love is not sentimentality but the theological foundation for all gift-use: love never seeks its own (13:5), and without it, even the most spectacular gifts profit nothing (13:1-3). The gospel humbles us to see that our gifts are not trophies for personal display but vessels through which we serve one another, compelled by the grace we have received in Christ.

Tuesday Ephesians 2:4-5

God's mercy—demonstrated in raising us from spiritual death and seating us in Christ (2:4-6)—is the same mercy extended to unbelievers who enter our gatherings. When we exercise gifts with clarity and order, we reflect this mercy by making the gospel accessible; when we prioritize unintelligible ecstasy over clarity, we obscure the very message of grace that draws seekers to faith.

Wednesday Matthew 16:18

Christ promises to build His church on the rock of His name (16:18), and He builds through the means of Word rightly preached and gifts rightly ordered. When we insist on clarity and intelligibility in corporate worship, we are not quenching the Spirit but honoring Christ's intention that His body be built up in coherence and strength, not fractured by confusion.

Thursday Matthew 5:23-24

Jesus teaches that reconciliation with one another precedes acceptable worship at the altar (5:23-24); the principle runs deep: our gifts in the gathering mean nothing if our hearts are turned inward on ourselves or divided from our brothers and sisters. We are called to examine whether our desire for certain gifts flows from love for the body's edification or from unreconciled pride and self-focus.

Friday 1 Corinthians 13:4-7

Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things (13:7)—a portrait of radical others-centeredness that rebukes our consumer approach to spiritual gifts. As we gather this week, ask yourself: Am I using my gifts to build up my brother or sister, or to advance myself? The gospel's grace compels the former; it is the only sustainable motivation for a life of faithful, humble service to the body of Christ.

Draft · pending review
Pray together this week

For Love That Builds Up the Church

Father, we come before you in awe of your character as the God of order, wisdom, and purposeful design. You have given us the Spirit and distributed gifts among us not for our personal exaltation, but for the common good of your body, the church. We confess that we so easily drift toward self-focused pursuits—whether we seek the spectacular experiences that draw attention to ourselves, or we neglect the gifts you have given us altogether out of fear or passivity. We admit that we struggle to prioritize the building up of one another over the advancement of our own reputations, and we often speak and act without regard for how our words and choices affect those around us and those visiting among us who do not yet know Christ (1 Corinthians 14:23-25).

Yet in the gospel we have been given the perfect example of love that builds up others. Christ Jesus emptied himself of glory, spoke with clarity and power, and ordered his life entirely toward our edification—our salvation and transformation (Ephesians 2:4-5). Through his Spirit, he has given us not only the gifts themselves but the capacity to exercise them with right motivation: love that seeks the good of others rather than self-glorification. In Christ we are freed from the compulsion to prove ourselves and enabled to rejoice in the spiritual growth of our brothers and sisters as our own joy.

We ask you, O God, to grant us the grace to pursue love earnestly as the governing virtue in all we do, and to exercise the gifts you have given us with intelligibility, order, and a genuine others-focused concern. Give us wisdom to know when to speak and when to listen, when to use our gifts publicly in the gathering and when to serve quietly behind the scenes. Deliver us from the spirit of this age that whispers we exist for our own satisfaction, and compel us instead by your grace to build up the church—speaking truth, offering encouragement, using our minds and our spirits in humble submission to Scripture and to one another. We commit ourselves afresh to the singular purpose of your gifts: the edification of your body, the clarity of your gospel to those who hear, and the glory of your name.

To this end, use us, mold us, and make us instruments of your building work in the world. Amen.

Draft · pending review
Sunday-evening family table

Building Up or Showing Off?

For the parent

This prompt invites your family to think about why we do things in church and at home — whether to help others or to draw attention to ourselves. Listen for moments when kids recognize that the best gifts are the ones that help someone else, not make us look good.

Pastor Jonathan talked about how spiritual gifts in church should be like tools that build up the whole church family, not like showing off a cool trick. If you had a superpower you could use at church or at home, would you rather use it to help someone else feel closer to Jesus, or to have everyone notice how cool you are? Why do you think Pastor said that building others up is so much more important than showing off?
works for ages 7+
Draft · pending review
Couples · three questions over coffee

Building Up or Tearing Down

  1. What did the sermon help you see about your own motives when you serve in church or speak into others' lives—are you building them up, or seeking attention for yourself?
  2. How do we as a couple either build up or tear down the people around us through our words and actions, and where do we need to repent or grow together?
  3. What is one way you could pray for your spouse this week to help them pursue love and genuine edification of others rather than self-glorification?
Draft · pending review
Where this was preached

About the church

Cross of Grace Church
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# Cross of Grace Church

A church preaching expository sermons through the books of the Bible.

## Sermons
- [Spirit-Filled Churches Sing (Ephesians 5:18-21, 2023-02-19)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2023/02/spirit-filled-churches-sing)
- [How to Become Wise (1 Corinthians 2:6-16, 2023-10-01)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2023/10/how-to-become-wise)
- [The Source and Purpose of Spiritual Gifts (1 Corinthians 12:1-11, 2024-03-17)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2024/03/the-source-and-purpose-of-spiritual-gifts)
- [To Build or Not to Build? That is the Question (1 Corinthians 14:1-25, 2024-05-26)](/CoGElPaso/sermons/2024/05/to-build-or-not-to-build-that-is-the-question)

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